ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PROCESS IN FACTORY AND WAREHOUSE CONSTRUCTION

1. Requirements of a stable power distribution system in factory construction

The power distribution system plays an important role in providing a stable power source for the factory's production and business activities. To ensure safety, efficiency and meet increasing demand, the power distribution system needs to meet the following requirements:

1.1. Reliability

• The system must operate continuously, without interruption due to incidents, ensuring a stable power supply for the factory.
• Ability to withstand grid incidents, lightning strikes, overloads, etc.
• Full power backup system to ensure production operations when an incident occurs.

1.2. Power quality

• The supply voltage must be stable, within the allowable range, ensuring that machinery and equipment operate normally.
• The electrical frequency must be stable, limit fluctuations to avoid affecting product quality.
• Minimize harmonics and electrical noise to protect electronic devices.

1.3. Safe

The system must be installed properly and comply with electrical safety standards.
Use high quality electrical equipment with clear origins.
Equipped with a full lightning and explosion-proof system.
Regularly check and periodically maintain the electrical system to ensure safety.
1.4. Effective

• The system is optimally designed to limit power waste.
• Use energy-saving devices.
• Apply effective energy management solutions.

1.5. Ability of extension

• The system must be easily scalable to meet the growing needs of the plant.
• Easily install new equipment and machinery without affecting the overall operation of the system.

1.6. Economical

• The system is invested and built at a reasonable and effective cost.
• Low operating and maintenance costs.
• High service life.

       In addition, the power distribution system needs to meet other specific requirements of each factory, depending on the manufacturing industry, factory scale, number of machines and equipment used, etc.

>>> See more: Industrial factory construction processes and standards

(Illustration, source: Internet)

2. Select suitable electrical components and equipment for industrial plants

Choosing suitable electrical components and equipment plays an important role in ensuring safety, efficiency and optimizing production and business activities of industrial plants. Below are some factors to keep in mind when choosing electrical components and equipment for industrial plants:

2.1. Demand for electricity

Determine the total electrical capacity used by the factory, calculate the electricity demand for each area, workshop, machinery, equipment, etc. Select electrical equipment with capacity appropriate to usage needs, ensuring enough to meet the load for the electrical system.

2.2. Operating environment

Consider environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, dust, chemicals, etc. that affect the durability and performance of electrical equipment. Choose electrical equipment that is water-proof, dust-proof, and chemical-resistant suitable for the operating environment.

2.3. Technical standards

Choose electrical equipment of clear origin, ensuring quality and safety according to national and international technical standards. Prioritize the use of energy-saving electrical equipment, helping to reduce operating costs.

2.4. Reputable brand

Choose electrical equipment from reputable brands on the market, with good warranty and professional customer service. Consult electrical experts or electrical contractors for advice on choosing suitable equipment.

2.5. Some types of electrical components and equipment are suitable for industrial factory construction

• Electric cable: Electric cable needs to have a cross-section suitable for the electrical capacity used, have high load capacity and good fire resistance.
• Power outlet: Choose a power outlet with high load capacity, suitable for common plug types.
• Aptomat: Install aptomat for each area, workshop, machinery, and equipment to protect the electrical system from overload and fire.
• Electrical cabinet: Choose an electrical cabinet of appropriate size, ensuring safety and aesthetics.
• Lighting system: Use energy-saving lighting systems such as LED lights, ensuring appropriate brightness for work and production.
• Lightning protection system: Install a lightning protection system to protect the factory from the risk of lightning strikes.

(Illustration of lightning protection system, source: internet)

3. Power distribution structure when building a factory

3.1. High voltage (HT):

High voltage power level is provided from the national grid or auxiliary transformer station. Due to high voltage, it needs to be installed and operated by highly qualified electrical technicians to ensure safety.

High voltage power systems are often designed with many layers of protection to ensure safety and stability:

• Usually has voltage from 35kV to 220kV.
• Supplied from the national grid or auxiliary transformer station.
• Supplying power to the main transformer station (MBA) of the factory.

3.2. Medium voltage (MT)

The medium voltage voltage is stepped down from the high voltage voltage through the main transformer station (MBA). They supply power to medium voltage distribution cabinets (MSB) in the factory.

Medium voltage electrical systems also need to be installed and operated by highly qualified electrical technicians:

• Usually has voltage from 6kV to 35kV.
• The voltage is lowered from high voltage through the main transformer station (MBA).
• Supplying power to medium voltage distribution cabinets (MSB).

3.3. Low voltage (TT)

Low voltage voltage is stepped down from medium voltage voltage through medium voltage distribution cabinets (MSB). They power electrical equipment in the factory such as machinery, equipment, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, etc.

The low-voltage electrical system needs to be designed and installed to suit the needs of each area in the factory.

• Usually has voltage from 220V to 380V.
• The voltage is lowered from medium voltage through medium voltage distribution cabinets (MSB).
• Supplying power to electrical equipment in the factory such as machinery, equipment, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, etc.

(illustration of MBS total distribution cabinet, source: Internet)

4. Details of the initial steps involved in electrical installation in factory construction

4.1. Rate the location

• Determine the location of the electrical system installation: Including the location of electrical cabinets, transformers, wiring systems, sockets, switches, etc. in accordance with the factory premises, ensuring convenience for operation , maintenance and use.
• Assess electricity demand: Determine the total electricity capacity of the factory, calculate electricity demand for each area, workshop, machinery, equipment, etc. Create an electrical diagram for the entire factory.
• Identify influencing factors: Consider factors such as terrain conditions, climate, surrounding environment (temperature, humidity, dust, chemicals, etc.), which affect the choice of materials , equipment and construction methods.
• Prepare electrical system diagram drawings: Based on the results of site assessment, prepare detailed drawings showing the location, size, technical specifications of electrical equipment, wiring systems, electrical cabinets, etc.

4.2. Plan the electrical installation when building the factory

• Choosing an electrical contractor: Searching and selecting a reputable contractor with experience in constructing the factory's electrical system, ensuring quality, safety and construction progress.
• Estimating costs: Based on design drawings, calculate detailed costs for the electrical system, including materials, equipment, labor, construction,...
• Construction planning: Make detailed plans for construction time for each item, coordinate with the overall construction progress of the factory, ensuring safety and efficiency.
• Prepare materials and equipment: Select materials and electrical equipment in accordance with technical standards, with clear origin, ensuring quality and safety.

4.3. Obtain necessary permits and approvals

• Electrical system construction permit: Apply for an electrical system construction permit from a competent state management agency according to the provisions of law.
• Electrical system design approval: Submit electrical system design documents to be evaluated and approved by a specialized agency before construction.
• Construction progress reports: Periodically report electrical system construction progress to competent state management agencies according to regulations.

(Illustration of electrical cabinet, source: Internet)

5. Detailed electrical installation process in industrial factory construction

Phase 1: Preparation for electrical installation in industrial factory construction

• Determine requirements: Carefully study electrical design drawings, calculate power needs, determine installation locations of electrical equipment.
• Contractor selection: Choose a reputable electrical contractor with experience in constructing the factory's electrical system, ensuring quality, safety and construction progress.
• Prepare materials and equipment: Select materials and electrical equipment in accordance with technical standards, with clear origin, ensuring quality and safety.
• Apply for a construction permit: Apply for a permit to construct the electrical system from a competent state management agency according to the provisions of law.
• Construction progress reports: Periodically report electrical system construction progress to competent state management agencies according to regulations.

Phase 2: Construction of industrial factory

• Installing the wiring system:

             - Install the main wiring system from the power source to the main electrical cabinet.

             - Install branch wiring system from the main electrical cabinet to the distribution electrical cabinets.

             - Install wiring systems to electrical equipment such as sockets, switches, lights, etc.

• Installation of electrical cabinets:

               - Install the main electrical cabinet at the location of the power source entering the factory.

               - Installing electrical distribution cabinets in different areas and workshops.

               - Install electrical equipment in electrical cabinets such as circuit breakers, circuit breakers, relays, etc.

• Installation of electrical equipment:

                - Install electrical sockets and electrical switches at appropriate locations.

                - Install lighting systems suitable to user needs.

                - Install other electrical equipment such as electric fans, air conditioners, etc.

• Check the electrical system:

               - Check the safety of the electrical system, ensuring there are no electrical leaks or fires.

              - Check the operation of electrical equipment to ensure normal operation.

Phase 3: Acceptance and handover

• Acceptance of the electrical system:

               - Check the electrical system according to procedures and technical standards.

               - Prepare a record of acceptance of the electrical system.

• Handing over the electrical system:

               - Hand over the electrical system to the investor according to the acceptance record.

               - Instruct investors on how to use and maintain the electrical system.

(Illustration, Internet source)

6. Notes on the electrical installation process in industrial factory construction

6.1. Before performing electrical installation in industrial factory construction

• Detailed planning: Detailed planning of time, construction progress, assignment of human resources, necessary materials and equipment for each item.
• Ensuring labor safety: Providing full labor protection equipment for construction workers such as: insulated gloves, helmets, safety glasses,...
• Prepare the construction site: Clean up the construction site, ensure it is flat, clean, and convenient for construction.
• Check the old electrical system (if any): Thoroughly check the old electrical system (if any) to detect and fix damages before proceeding with new construction.

6.2. While performing electrical installation in industrial factory construction

• Comply with electrical safety regulations: Absolutely comply with electrical safety regulations during construction, ensuring safety for people and property.
• Correct installation techniques: Install electrical equipment according to correct techniques, ensuring accuracy and safety.
• Thoroughly check connections: Thoroughly check electrical connections to ensure there are no electrical leaks or fires.
• Use high-quality supplies and equipment: Use high-quality supplies and electrical equipment with clear origins, ensuring durability and safety.
• Keep the construction area clean: Keep the construction area clean, tidy up materials and equipment after use.

6.3. After performing electrical installation in industrial factory construction

• Overall inspection of the electrical system: Overall inspection of the electrical system after construction, ensuring safe and efficient operation.
• Prepare acceptance record: Prepare acceptance record of the electrical system according to regulations.
• Handing over the electrical system to the investor: Handing over the electrical system to the investor according to the acceptance record.
• Instruct investors on how to use and maintain the electrical system: Instruct investors on how to use and maintain the electrical system safely and effectively.

In addition, the following points should be noted:

• It is recommended to use electrical wiring systems with good insulation, suitable for industrial factory environments.
• Lightning protection systems should be installed to protect industrial plants from the risk of lightning strikes.
• You should install a fire alarm system to promptly detect when an incident occurs.
• You should periodically check and maintain the electrical system to ensure safe and efficient operation.

   (Management team of Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Co., Ltd.)

           With the electrical installation process in industrial factory construction presented in this article, we hope you have gained useful knowledge for accurate and effective construction.

       In addition, you should also consult electrical experts for specific advice on the electrical construction solution that best suits your needs. Hung Nghiep Phu - specializes in civil construction and full-package industrial construction. Please contact Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Co., Ltd. for advice today!

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