DISTINGUISHING THE STRUCTURE OF TILE ROOF AND FIBRO CEMENT ROOF
Structure of tile roofs, fibro cement roofs in civil and industrial houses. The roof is the top part of the house, a load-bearing structure and also a covering structure. The structure that carries the roof force is required to be durable and stable. The layer must be completely waterproof. In addition, the roof structure also needs to meet the requirements of industrialization, save costs and be easy to construct.
1. Structure of tile roof, fiber cement roof
On the structure of the sloping roof is a waterproof layer to prevent rainwater from seeping through the roof. There are many roofing materials, mainly including: machine tiles, yin-yang tiles, fiber cement, corrugated iron, etc. Of which, machine tiles, fiber cement and corrugated iron are the most commonly used.
1.1 Roof tile structure
The shape of the tile is shown in the picture. The direction of the water groove on the tile must be parallel to the steepest line of the roof. There are many different types of fired clay tiles. Based on the shape and manufacturing method, they can be divided into 3 main types:
- Tube tiles (or yin-yang tiles, trough tiles).
- Flat tiles.
- Machine tiles: There are 2 types: 13 tiles per 1m² and 22 tiles per 1m². Currently, the majority use 22 tiles.
Size and weight table of fired clay tiles:
|
Tên loại ngói |
Dài (cm) |
Rộng (cm) |
Khối lượng (Kg) |
|
Ngói ống tròn |
32 – 35 |
12 – 14 |
0,6 – 0,8 |
|
Ngói ống trắng |
30 – 34 |
17 – 20 |
0,5 – 0,8 |
|
Ngói phẳng có màu và không màu |
23 – 28 |
16 – 25 |
0,9 – 1,1 |
|
Ngói máy to |
41 |
24,5 |
1,3 – 3,1 |
|
Ngói nhỏ |
34 |
20,5 |
1,5 – 1,7 ; 2 – 2,1 |
|
Ngói bò nóc tròn và có sống |
42 – 44 |
20 – 21 |
2,0 – 2,5 |
|
Ngói giếng đáy |
35 |
15 |
1,7 – 1,9 |
When tiling, the tiles are arranged alternately. To prevent the wind from causing the tiles to slide and fall, the last row of tiles is used with double tiles, the last two rows of tiles must be tied to the tiles with steel wire. In the upper rows, tie a row every other row.
- Tiling method
First, fix the 2×5 cm ÷ 3×3 cm tiles with nails, 26 – 31 cm apart, to the wind bridge. Tiles are installed from the bottom up and the roof is covered with terrazzo tiles. The overlap width of the two roof tiles should not be less than 5 cm and additional cement mortar can be used to prevent leaks.
Under normal conditions, the roofing is considered complete. However, when there is a strong wind, water can splash through the gaps into the house. To prevent this phenomenon, you can use mortar to fill the gaps, or under the tile layer, there is a layer of wooden planks, covered with oil paper to form a second waterproof layer.
Baked clay roof tiles have good fire resistance, are durable, use local materials, are easy to find, and are cheap, so they are widely used. However, the use of heavy roof tiles and small tile sizes is not suitable for industrialization requirements.
1.2 Structure of fiber cement roof, corrugated iron roof
Corrugated fiber cement panels and corrugated iron sheets are similar in shape and construction method. The size of corrugated fiber cement panels used to be 2 types: 120x0.8 cm and 140x70x0.8 cm, fiber cement panels are 58x32x0.8 cm.
Fiber cement panels are directly layered on purlins. The distance between purlins is equal to the length of the panel minus 10 - 16 cm. The slope of the fiber roof is 18 - 230 and the corrugated iron roof is 15 - 180. The two panels placed on each other on the top and bottom must not be less than 100 mm and on the left and right must not be less than 1 and a half waves. People connect fiber cement panels to purlins with iron hooks with diameters of 6 - 8 mm and threaded bolt heads.
To prevent thermal expansion of the roof panels, the holes of the panels are made in oval shape. To prevent leaks due to rain, rubber pads are placed between the eaves and the roof panels. There are two ways to roof fibro: corner-cut roofing and chase roofing.
- In the corner-cut roofing method, at the meeting point of four panels, people cut the corners of two panels, the cut angle of the panels depends on the roofing direction and the position of the panels when roofing.
- In the chase roofing method, the rows of roof panels are moved to the right or left by one and a half waves, creating a stagger between them.
Fiber cement tiles are lightweight, low cost, have good fire protection, high corrosion resistance, suitable for roofs with large spans and areas. Because the joints have little slope, they can be made comfortable.
Fiber cement roofs are poorly insulated and prone to cracking, so they are rarely used for houses.
2. Compare advantages and disadvantages
2.1. Roof tiles
-
Advantage:
High aesthetics: Roof tiles come in many different designs, colors and materials such as terracotta tiles, ceramic tiles, concrete tiles, allowing the creation of many different architectural styles, from classic to modern. This makes it easy to combine roof tiles with many types of houses and create an aesthetic highlight for the building.
Water resistance: Tiles are designed to have a high slope, allowing rainwater to easily flow down without stagnating. The tile roofing system ensures that water does not seep into the walls and internal structures, reducing the risk of damage due to mold.
High durability: Roof tiles can last up to 50 years or longer if well maintained. Tiles are not easily corroded or damaged by environmental factors such as rain, sun or strong winds.
Insulation: Roof tiles have natural insulation, helping to maintain a stable temperature inside the building, reducing the cost of using air conditioning in the summer.
Fire resistance: Tiles are usually fire resistant, minimizing the risk of fire for the building.
-
Disadvantages:
Heavy weight: Tile roofs are heavy, requiring a solidly designed and constructed roof frame, which can increase construction costs and complicate the construction process.
High cost: The cost of materials and construction costs for tile roofs is often higher than that of fiber cement roofs, especially for high-end tiles. This can increase the total cost of the project, causing many investors to consider carefully.
Long construction time: The process of roofing tiles requires high techniques and longer construction time than fiber cement roofs. Each step must be carried out carefully to ensure accuracy and aesthetics.
Regular maintenance: Tile roofs need to be checked and maintained regularly to detect cracks, damage or mold. If not maintained, tile roofs may experience water leakage.
2.2. Fiber cement roof
-
Advantage:
Light weight: Fibro cement panels are much lighter than tiles, which helps reduce the pressure on the roof frame. This can help save construction costs because there is no need to design a very sturdy roof frame.
Low cost: Fibro cement roofs are cheaper than tile roofs, both in terms of materials and construction. This makes them an attractive choice for projects that need to save costs.
Easy to construct: The installation process of fibro cement roofs is quicker and simpler than tile roofs. Fibro panels can be cut and assembled easily, helping to shorten construction time.
Fire resistance: Fibro cement has good fire resistance, helping to protect the safety of the building and residents inside.
Easy maintenance: Fibro cement roofs require less maintenance than tile roofs. Usually, just periodic inspection and cleaning of the surface is enough.
-
Disadvantages:
Limited aesthetics: Fibro cement roofs are often less diverse in style and color than tile roofs, making them less aesthetically pleasing. Some people may feel that fibro roofs are less luxurious or do not match certain architectural styles.
Drainage capacity: Fibro cement roofs are often not as steep as tile roofs, which can make it difficult to drain rainwater, increasing the risk of water stagnation. If the drainage system is not designed properly, it can lead to damage due to water seepage.
Risk of UV damage: If not protected or painted, fibro cement panels can fade and deteriorate under the effects of sunlight over a long period of time. This requires protective measures to prolong the life of the roof.
Poor insulation capacity: Fibro cement roofs may not be as good at insulating as tile roofs, leading to increased internal temperatures in the summer, which can increase air conditioning costs.
Each type of roof has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of which type of roof depends on many factors such as architectural requirements, budget, and weather conditions. Understanding the structure, features, and applications of each type of roof will help you make the right decision, ensuring that the project is not only beautiful but also sustainable over time.
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Source: Compiled from the Internet
