NOTES WHEN CONSTRUCTING STRIP FOUNDATIONS
When building a house, choosing the right foundation is always a headache for homeowners. Currently, strip foundations are very popular for level 4 houses, townhouses, and villas because this is a shallow foundation suitable for projects built on good ground, and the scale of the project is not too large. However, when constructing strip foundations, many homeowners still do not understand clearly. This article of ours will share information to note about strip foundation construction, let's follow Hung Nghiep Phu!
Thi công móng băng
1. What is a strip foundation?
Strip foundation is a shallow foundation, often used for level 4 houses, townhouses, villas built on good ground.
Strip foundations are usually in the form of a long strip, which can be independent or intersecting in a cross shape. The depth of the foundation of a strip foundation is usually under 2m to 2.5m.
2. Strip foundation structure
Strip foundations are made of bricks or reinforced concrete. However, nowadays, strip foundations are mainly made of reinforced concrete, because for large projects, brick structures cannot meet the requirements.
The structure of strip foundations includes a concrete layer lining the foundation, a continuous foundation slab connecting the foundation into a foundation beam block.
Concrete layer lining the foundation slab - Foundation wing - Foundation beam - Column collar.
Cấu tạo móng băng
3. Why choose strip foundation construction?
- Strip foundations have a special structure that can block the ground, so they are very suitable for the construction of villas, townhouses with basements, garages, and warehouses.
- Another advantage of strip foundations is that they can resist subsidence and subsidence between columns.
- Strip foundation construction is simple, saving construction materials and labor.
However, in places with unstable ground surfaces, lots of mud, and deep groundwater levels, strip foundations should not be chosen.
4. Strip foundation classification
There are many types of strip foundation classification based on many factors, below is the classification of strip foundation based on each factor.
- In terms of structural materials, there are 2 types:
- Brick strip foundation;
- Reinforced concrete strip foundation.
Phân loại móng băng theo kết cấu
In terms of properties and hardness:
- Hard nails;
- Soft nails;
- Mixed nails or combination nails.
Phân loại móng băng theo tính chất, độ cứng
By direction:
- By direction, strip foundations are divided into 2 types: 1-way strip foundations and 2-way strip foundations.
In which:
- 1-way foundation is the type of foundation constructed in only 1 direction, either the length or width of the house. Observation shows that the foundation lines are created in parallel lines and depending on the scale and area of the project, the distance between these foundation lines will be divided.
- 2-way foundation is the type of foundation in which the foundation lines are designed to intersect to form right angles like a chessboard.
Phân loại móng băng theo phương vị
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Concentric load bearing foundation and eccentric load bearing foundation.
5. Strip foundation construction process
Step 1. Site clearance
The first step in the strip foundation construction process is site clearance. In this step, we must clean and tidy up the site and determine the location of the piles and foundation pits using specialized equipment.
Step 2. Dig the foundation hole and level the hole surface.
After clearing the ground neatly and cleanly, we will proceed to dig the foundation pit according to the previously marked locations. In this step, it is necessary to comply with the design drawings, do not dig too deep or too shallow, the usual depth of the foundation is about 2m to 2.5m and the width is about 1.5m.
Next, it is necessary to flatten the surface of the pit so that the foundation pit is neat and flat to make it easier for the next work.
Step 3. Pour concrete foundation
Pour a layer of concrete lining about 10cm to create a flat foundation bottom as well as limit the loss of water from the upper layer of concrete during the foundation concrete pouring process.
Step 4. Strip foundation steel strip
This is an extremely important step, it is necessary to follow the design drawing that has been carefully calculated from the beginning. It is especially necessary to comply with the spacing of the steel as well as the distance between the steel layers, note that the steel must be carefully placed so that the steel is not displaced during the moving process.
Step 5. Assemble the foundation formwork
In this step, it is important to note that the foundation formwork must be installed very carefully, avoiding unnecessary errors during the concrete pouring process.
Thi công móng băng lắp đặt cốp pha móng
Step 6. Pouring concrete foundation
This is the final step and also an extremely important step in the strip foundation construction process. Pour concrete with the correct grade as in the design drawing, it is necessary to note that the concrete should be compacted continuously and evenly.
When pouring concrete foundation, it should be poured from far to near and not standing on the formwork wall, causing distortion of the formwork structure.
Step 7. Maintenance of foundation concrete
After pouring concrete foundation, avoid physical impact to prevent the concrete from cracking or breaking. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the concrete is always moist enough by spreading a tarp and watering continuously for the first 7 days.
6. Some common mistakes to note when constructing strip foundations
Strip foundations are considered to be a fairly simple type of foundation compared to some other types of foundations. However, during the construction process, some contractors often make very basic mistakes, especially with spontaneous construction projects. Below are some common mistakes when constructing strip foundations:
Inverted placement of foundation steel when constructing strip foundations.
- This is a very basic mistake when constructing strip foundations, which is to invert the foundation steel. According to the principle, short steel is the main load-bearing steel, so it must be placed below and the steel running along the beam, the steel of the pedestal is placed above. Many contractors do not grasp the basic construction knowledge and place it in reverse, causing the foundation to lose its working ability.
Do not bend the steel beak when constructing an eccentric strip foundation
- When constructing an eccentric strip foundation, many people skip the step of bending the steel layer below a few centimeters. Ensure that the contact part is 30-40D (with D being the steel diameter). This is also a very common mistake that greatly affects the working capacity of strip foundations.
Some notes when constructing strip foundations:
- Before constructing strip foundations, you should carefully calculate and choose the appropriate type of strip foundation. It both ensures the load-bearing capacity and saves costs. For works that reduce the depth when placing the foundation, helping to save costs during construction.
- On the contrary, for shallow foundation depths, we should use reinforced concrete foundations.
- It is necessary to conduct a survey of the current soil condition before constructing strip foundations.
- Absolutely do not let the strip foundation be flooded because when pouring concrete for the foundation. It will reduce the cohesion as well as the quality of reinforced concrete. Therefore, before pouring concrete for the foundation, it is necessary to drain the water before pouring.
- For foundations that require high strength, reinforced concrete foundations should be used.
- When constructing strip foundations for houses with basements or semi-basements. The strip foundation needs to be placed deeper than the basement ground by about > 40cm. And the top of the foundation must be below the basement floor.
Above is all the knowledge about strip foundations, strip foundation construction. And important notes when constructing strip foundations. Hopefully the information we provide. Helps you gain the necessary experience to be able to choose the right type of foundation. And calculate it for your home project.
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Source: Compiled from the Internet
