1. What is the concept of strip foundation?

A strip foundation is a type of foundation located under columns, pillars or walls of a construction project, usually in the form of a long strip, which can be independent or intersect in a cross shape. Strip foundations are designed to bear the force of columns or walls, reduce pressure at the base of the foundation and transmit the gravity of the building evenly to the ground. Strip foundations are shallow foundations, built on bare excavations and then backfilled.

There are many different types of strip foundations, depending on the nature and hardness of the ground, the type of construction and the width of the foundation. Strip foundations have many advantages such as simplicity in construction, even settlement, and cost savings, but they also have disadvantages such as being unsuitable for complex terrain, weak ground depth, or having many basements.

Structure of strip foundation:

• Underlayment: A thin underlayment made of concrete or crushed stone is placed at the bottom of the foundation to create a flat surface and protect the foundation from soil erosion.

• Foundation slab: The main part of the strip foundation, usually in the form of a long and narrow strip, is made of reinforced concrete. The size of the foundation depends on the load of the building and the bearing capacity of the ground.

• Foundation beams: Foundation beams are arranged along the outer edge of the foundation slab to enhance the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the foundation.

2. Distinguish between one-way strip footing and two-way strip footing

A strip foundation is a type of shallow foundation, shaped like a long strip, used to support the entire structure of the building. Below are comparisons of one-way strip foundations and two-way strip foundations in terms of both similarities and differences.

2.1. Similarities between one-way strip foundation and two-way strip foundation

One-way strip footings and two-way strip footings are two popular types of strip footings in construction. They are all shallow foundations, buried 1.5-2m underground, shaped like a long strip, running in one or two directions of the building. 

One-way strip foundation and two-way strip foundation have the same point in that they both have the function of creating a solid foundation for the house, reducing pressure and balancing gravity for the overall project. Each concrete pile will bear the same pressure and limit settlement.

2.2. The difference between one-way strip footing and two-way strip footing

> About materials, cost, size

One-way strip foundations often use less material than two-way strip foundations, thus saving costs. Furthermore, a one-way strip foundation only expands in one direction of the building, so its size is usually smaller than a two-way strip foundation.

> In the direction of bearing force

One-way strip foundations only carry loads in one direction, usually the short direction of the building. This type of foundation is suitable for projects with limited width, large length, or when the ground has good bearing capacity. 

In contrast, two-way strip foundations load the load in both directions, including the short and long directions of the building. Two-way strip foundations are often applied to projects with both large width and length, or when the ground has poor bearing capacity.

> About the layout

One-way strip foundations are usually arranged parallel to each other, separated by a fixed distance. This distance depends on the height of the foundation, the load of the building and the bearing capacity of the ground. 

Bidirectional strip foundations are often arranged in a grid, with the foundation strips running parallel in both directions of the building, forming squares like a checkerboard.

3. You should choose one-way strip foundation or two-way strip foundation

A strip foundation is a type of shallow foundation, shaped like a long strip, used to support the entire structure of a building. Depending on the terrain, area, load and bearing capacity of the ground, we can choose one-way strip foundation or two-way strip foundation.

• One-way strip foundations have the advantage of using little material, low cost, small size, and easy construction. This type of foundation is often used for projects with small width, large length, or when the ground has good bearing capacity. However, one-way strip foundations also have the disadvantage of only bearing force in one direction, so they can settle unevenly, affecting the structure of the building. In addition, one-way strip foundation also makes it difficult to arrange water supply and drainage systems, electricity, domestic water, fire fighting water...
• Two-way strip foundations have the advantage of bearing forces in both directions, both the short and long directions of the building, ensuring even and stable settlement for the structure. This type of foundation is often used for projects with large widths, long lengths, or when the ground has poor bearing capacity. In addition, 2-way strip foundation is also easy to arrange water supply and drainage systems, electricity, domestic water, fire fighting water...34 However, 2-way strip foundation also has the disadvantage of using a lot of materials and high cost. , large size, difficult to construct.

Therefore, to choose one-way strip foundation or two-way strip foundation, you need to consider many factors such as terrain, area, load, bearing capacity of the ground, cost, construction time, system. Water supply and drainage system, electricity, domestic water, fire fighting water... of the project. If possible, carefully research information about the geology, geography, geotechnics, geoenvironment... of the construction area, to be able to choose the most suitable type of strip foundation. In addition, you should also consult with experts, architects, construction engineers... to get professional and accurate advice.

4. Note when constructing 1-way strip foundation and 2-way strip foundation

When constructing strip foundations, the following points should be noted:

• Choose the type of strip foundation suitable to the terrain, area, load and bearing capacity of the ground. If the project has a small width, a large length, and the ground has good bearing capacity, a one-way strip foundation should be used. If the project has a large width, a large length, and the ground has poor bearing capacity, a two-way strip foundation should be used.
• Dig the soil to the correct size and depth. For one-way strip foundations, dig the soil along the positioning axis, digging at least 20cm wide to facilitate processing iron and formwork. For two-way strip foundation, dig out all the soil to facilitate construction.
• Arrange the foundation steel mesh in the correct direction as prescribed by the drawing, avoiding the case of workers placing it based on experience. One-way strip foundation steel mesh is usually arranged parallel to each other, separated by a certain distance. Two-way strip foundation steel mesh is usually arranged in a grid, with foundation strips running parallel in both directions.

• Concrete for strip foundation construction must be mixed seriously and according to regulations. Stone, gravel and sand are removed from impurities for better concrete. Concrete is poured into formwork molds, using a vibrator to make the concrete even and firm.
• After the concrete sets, remove the formwork, clean and maintain the footing. Check and evaluate the quality of strip foundations according to criteria such as hardness, durability, settlement, straightness, flatness, adhesion, compression resistance, and bending resistance.

Through the above article, Hung Nghiep Phu hopes you have a better understanding of what a strip foundation is, its structure and structure. You also know the difference between one-way strip foundation and two-way strip foundation, as well as how to choose and construct the strip foundation suitable for each type of project. A strip foundation is a type of shallow foundation with the advantages of being simple, economical and resistant to force. However, to get a quality strip foundation, you need to follow technical procedures, choose appropriate materials and steel structures, as well as periodically inspect and maintain the strip foundation. Thank you for reading this article and wish you success in your work!

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