HOW TO GET RIGHT CORNER IN CONSTRUCTION
Have you ever heard the term "getting a right angle" or "foundation angle" in house construction? These two concepts actually have the same meaning, both referring to an extremely important step in construction. For people in the industry, it is certainly not strange, but many people still wonder how to get a right angle, how to angle the house foundation to ensure technical factors? Let's find out this information with Hung Nghiep Phu in the article below!
1. What is right angle in construction?
Before learning how to get a right angle, we need to understand what a right angle is in construction? What is its role?
Taking a right angle also has many other names such as measuring a right angle, or measuring the house foundation (more commonly used in the North). This is the positioning of the corners of the house using technical solutions (manual or by machines...).
So is taking this right angle really necessary when building a house? In fact, it has been shown that accurately determining a 90-degree angle in construction projects is not only necessary but also an extremely important step.
First of all, in terms of aesthetics, knowing how to take a right angle properly will help the house become square, positioning the house axes, pile centers, and foundation centers will also become easier and more accurate, overall not only ensuring aesthetics but also ensuring more sustainability and certainty for the entire project.
If you make a mistake in getting a right angle, it can lead to many consequences that you have not thought of. An incorrect foundation angle will cause the house to become distorted, no longer square, and may even look like a parallelogram or other shapes... Then it will lead to changes in everything in the house, for example, floor tiles, bathroom floors must also be cut diagonally; beds, shelves, and cabinets cannot be placed squarely against the wall (because the corners of these objects are all right angles).
Thus, if you get an incorrect right angle from the beginning, it will lead to consequences that will follow you throughout your life. Because of such an important role, you always need to be very careful when taking a right angle. So how to take a right angle to ensure the technique, we will find out right in the section below.
2. Instructions on how to get a right angle
How to get right angle manually
Step 1: Preparation
If you do not have modern machinery, you need to prepare the following items:
- 4 iron or wooden stakes about 50cm long;
- Hammer: 1;
- Metric ruler: 1;
- Paracord or fishing line: 1 roll.
These are all simple tools and can be easily found at any construction site.
Step 2: The procedure for getting a right angle is as follows:
We should choose the most right angle of the construction plot to set as the starting angle of the foundation.
Observe the drawing above, suppose point D is the corner of the construction plot and this angle is the most square. Suppose you want the corner of your house to be 925mm and 665mm from the corner of the plot in 2 directions, then we will determine point A as the corner of the house.
Use a hammer to drive a stake at point A. Tie a rope or fishing line to the top of the stake, rotate 2 circular arcs: 1 arc of 4m and 1 arc of 3m. Determine point C by a 4m circular arc (AC = 4m) so that point C is 665mm from the edge of the fence.
Continue to drive the stake at point C, tie the rope to the top of the brush and rotate a 5m circular arc. On the straight line 925mm from the edge of the fence, we determine point B is the intersection of the circular arc with center C and radius 5m and the circular arc with center A and radius 3m above.
At this point, triangle ABC is formed with AB = 3m, AC = 4m, BC = 5m. And we can be sure that this triangle is right-angled at A. The way to get this right angle is to apply the Pythagorean theorem in mathematics with the principle. In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is always equal to the sum of the squares of the 2 sides of the right angle. Or conversely, if any triangle satisfies the above condition, then that triangle is definitely a right triangle.
From there, according to the sides AB, AC, we can determine the axes of the house. Note that the dimensions of the 2 axes must be correct according to the drawing.
In fact, from the Pythagorean theorem, we have many different numbers to determine the sides AB, AC, BC. The ratio 3-4-5 is the easiest number to remember, but people often use the ratio 6-8-10 (m). Or other larger numbers will be more accurate. As long as the numbers chosen ensure the above Pythagorean theorem.
The 925mm or 665mm distances are just examples. Assuming they are x and y (mm), you just need to make sure that point C is y distance from the edge of the house. And point B is x distance from the edge of the house.
Below is an illustration using the 6-8-10 ratio with x and y distances:
Step 3: Determine the foundation center and column center
From the method of taking the right angle, after determining the axes. We proceed to determine the center of the foundation and the center of the column:
- Draw the size of the soil to dig the foundation pit (usually using lime);
- Dig the soil along the line just drawn and then plumb to determine the center of the foundation;
- Pour a layer of concrete lining the foundation;
- Recheck the center of the foundation to determine the center of the column;
- Place the foundation steel and column steel to coincide with the determined center;
- Pour more concrete lining the foundation and perform the next steps.
3. How to get a right angle by machine
Manual right angle measurement is often applied in civil works with not too large area. For large projects, it is often necessary to have a team of surveyors. As well as using electronic machines to measure.
The method of taking a right angle by machine is usually carried out in the following steps:
Step 1: Hand over the site between the parties (designer, supervisor, investor)
Step 2: From the original mark, transfer a few secondary marks that are convenient for measuring and protecting the mark
Step 3: Use the machine to transfer the axis positioning locations, these points must be 5-10m from the axis so as not to be lost when digging the ground. And during the process of transporting and gathering materials.
Step 4: When digging the ground, only preliminary foundation should be leveled by spreading lime for the digging machine. After pouring the concrete base, use the machine to re-position, turn on the ink on the concrete base before placing the steel.
4. Notes on how to get right angles when building a house
- Locate the project based on direction angle and azimuth angle.
- Applicable to projects where you already know the reference point A, direction angle, azimuth angle and length. The steps to locate the project will be carried out as follows:
- Use a compass to determine the North direction;
- Place the theodolite at point A, aim towards the North and then turn a certain angle;
- Use a ruler to measure the distance m on the Ax ray to determine point B;
- Place the machine at point B, aim again at A and turn a certain angle to determine BI;
- Use a ruler to measure the length BE which is one side of the project. Thus, the centerline of the project perimeter on the construction site has been determined.
- Notes on sending and preserving landmarks
After locating the project, we will base on the design drawings to determine the horizontal and vertical center lines of the project. Extend the center lines towards the project and then make landmarks. Usually, the landmarks are sharp poles or reinforced concrete piles with concrete foundations. These landmarks will be protected throughout the construction process.
Thus, in the above article, we have learned with readers about how to get a right angle. As well as its important role in construction. If the way to get a right angle is incorrect, it will not only affect the aesthetics. But it can also violate the feng shui of a beautiful house. Therefore, this item needs to be carefully performed by workers as well as construction supervisors - investors.
Hopefully the information on how to get a right angle - house foundation angle above. Will help you in the construction of the project. Ensure that all items are completed with the best quality. Thank you for reading the article.
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Source: Compiled from the Internet
