DESIGN PROCESS NOTES IN FACTORY CONSTRUCTION

1. Clearly define factory functions

Clearly defining factory functions is the first important step in the design process, helping to optimize floor layout, ensure efficient use and meet the production needs of the business. Main functional subdivisions in factory construction:

- Area in front of the factory

This area usually includes the entrance gate, administrative house, management office, security room, parking area, landscape garden, details are as follows:

• Entrance gate: Controls access to the factory, ensuring security.
• Administrative building: Workplace of management, office department, accounting,...
• Security room: Security monitoring, fire prevention.
• Parking area: For employees, customers and freight vehicles.
• Garden and landscape: Create a green, relaxing working environment.

These spaces can be designed close together in one location or distributed into many separate rooms, depending on the size and overall map of the industrial park.

- Main production area

This is the center of production activities, where the main and secondary factories are scientifically arranged:

• Workshop: Where main production activities take place, including production lines, machinery and equipment.
• Assembly area: Assemble finished products from production workshops.
• Quality inspection area: Ensure product quality before shipment.

This is also where production lines are arranged to optimize working processes and improve production efficiency. Every design aims to create a seamless and efficient work environment, while ensuring worker and product safety.

- Production support area

This area is the heart of production activities, where essential infrastructure such as:

• Raw material warehouse: Storage of raw materials for production.
• Finished goods warehouse: Storage of finished products before shipment.
• Repair workshop: Repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment.
• Laboratory: Research and develop new products.

Every design for this area is aimed at optimizing production and improving final product quality.

- Warehouse and transportation area

This area is designed to store raw materials and supplies, manage the distribution and sales of finished products from the factory, details include:

• Warehouse: Storing imported and exported goods and inventory.
• Cargo loading and unloading area: Loading and unloading goods onto/off trucks and containers.
• Container parking area: For container trucks to transport goods.

It can also be designed for the maintenance and storage of transport vehicles, ensuring they are always ready for operation and delivery.

- In addition, other auxiliary areas can be arranged such as:

• Canteen: Provides food for employees.
• Toilet area: Ensure the hygiene of the working environment.
• Locker room: For employees to store personal belongings.

(Illustration, source: Internet Collection)

2. Determine factory location

Determining the factory location is the first and extremely important step in the process of designing and building a mechanical factory. Choosing the right location will directly affect production efficiency, save operating costs and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. Key factors when choosing a factory location:

- Mechanical type

• Heavy engineering: Priority should be given to industrial parks and areas with spacious areas and convenient transportation to meet the needs for space and transportation of raw materials and finished products.
• Light engineering: There can be more flexibility in choosing location, but it is still necessary to ensure that the area has good transportation infrastructure, convenient for transporting goods and accessing human resources.

- Environmental impact

• Noise: Mechanical production activities often emit loud noise, so it is necessary to choose a location far from residential areas, schools, hospitals, etc. to avoid affecting the community. It is necessary to comply with local and national noise regulations, applying noise reduction measures such as using soundproofing materials, installing dust collection systems, etc.
• Dust: You should choose a location with little dust and air pollution to ensure workers' health and protect the environment. Apply dust treatment measures such as dust filter system, humidifying mist, etc.
• Waste: It is necessary to have a standard wastewater, exhaust, and garbage treatment system to ensure environmental safety. Choose a convenient location for waste collection, transportation and treatment.

- Technical infrastructure

• Transportation: Convenient transportation is an important factor to transport raw materials and finished products, attract human resources and connect with markets. You should choose a location near highways, national highways, seaports, airports, etc.
• Electricity and water: Need a stable electricity and water system to meet the needs of production activities. You should choose a location that has an existing electricity and water system or can easily connect to the regional electricity and water system.
• Human resources: Choose a location with abundant human resources and professional qualifications appropriate to the production needs of the business.

3. Arrange and allocate areas for convenient transportation

Transportation plays an extremely important role in the efficient operation of industrial factories, including both construction and subsequent production activities. Therefore, arranging the distribution of convenient traffic areas is a key factor that needs to be considered when designing a factory.

- Site location

You should choose land to build a factory adjacent to or near major traffic routes such as national highways, expressways, seaports, etc. to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and finished products, attract human resources and connect with the market.

Limit the choice of locations located deep in residential areas, areas with underdeveloped transportation infrastructure, making it difficult to transport goods and move employees.

- Internal transportation system

• Reasonable traffic flow: Design a spacious internal road system, ensuring smooth circulation for trucks, container trucks, motorbikes, etc.
• Clearly divide functional areas: Divide areas such as production, warehouse, office, parking area, etc. scientifically, with separate paths to avoid traffic jams.
• Design of signage and road marking systems: Ensuring safety for traffic participants within the factory premises.
• Choose appropriate construction materials: Use good load-bearing, anti-slip materials to ensure durability and safety for the internal traffic system.

4. Determine the general structure when designing factory construction projects

The general structure plays a key role in ensuring the safety, operational efficiency and aesthetics of the mechanical workshop. Properly determining the general structure right from the first stage will help optimize the design, construction and operation of the factory.

- Frame system

• Frame type: Choose a frame type suitable for the load, factory aperture, which may include steel frame, reinforced concrete frame, wooden frame,...
• Frame structure: Frame structure design ensures load-bearing capacity, anti-vibration, anti-overturning ability, meeting requirements for durability and longevity of the project.
• Frame material: Choose high quality materials, ensuring durability, bearing capacity and safety for users.

- Roof

• Roof type: Choose a roof type suitable for the climatic conditions and topography of the construction area, which may include corrugated iron roofs, tiled roofs, panel roofs, etc.
• Roof structure: Roof structure design ensures fast drainage, good waterproofing, resistance to wind, snow,...
• Roofing materials: Choose high-quality roofing materials, ensuring durability, fire resistance and safety for users.

- Technical system

• Electrical system: Design the electrical system to ensure sufficient capacity for production activities, lighting, ventilation system, fire protection system, etc. Select high quality materials and electrical equipment, ensuring safe and energy saving.
• Water system: Design a water system to provide enough water for living, production, and fire protection systems. Choose high quality materials and plumbing equipment to ensure hygiene and save water.
• Ventilation system: The design of the ventilation system ensures adequate supply of fresh air and good ventilation for the production area, helping to improve the working environment for employees.
• Fire protection system: Design a fire protection system to ensure it meets fire protection requirements, including automatic fire alarm system, water fire extinguishing system, escape system,...

- Support system

• Lighting system: Design the lighting system to ensure adequate lighting for production activities, ensure labor safety and save energy.
• Transportation system: Design an internal transportation system to facilitate the transportation of goods and movement of employees.
• Technical sanitation system: Design a technical sanitation system to ensure environmental hygiene and safety, including wastewater treatment system, garbage collection system,...

(Illustration, source: Internet Collection)

5. Note in drawing general structural diagrams when building a factory

Drawing a general structure diagram is an important step in factory design, helping to visualize the overall structure, arrange details, ensure safety, efficiency and aesthetics for the project. To draw an accurate general structural diagram, note the following details:

- Factory premises

• Clearly show the exact dimensions and proportions of the factory, including length, width, and height.
• Arrange functional areas such as production, warehouse, office, support areas, etc. in a reasonable and scientific manner.
• Determine the position of columns, beams, trusses, purlins, etc. accurately on the ground.
• Clearly note the size and load of each structural item.

- Factory frame structure

• Choose a frame type suitable for the load and factory aperture, which can include steel frames, reinforced concrete frames, wooden frames, etc.
• Clearly show the shape, size, location of details in the factory frame such as columns, beams, trusses, purlins, etc.
• Clearly note the materials, steel grades, and concrete strength used for each structural item.
• Identify fulcrums, bearings, and joints in the factory frame.

- Factory roof

• Choose a roof type suitable to the climatic conditions and topography of the construction area, which may include corrugated iron roofs, tiled roofs, panel roofs, etc.
• Clearly show the shape, size, and slope of the factory roof.
• Clearly note roofing materials, waterproofing systems, and drainage systems for factory roofs.
• Determine the locations of roof beams, roof purlins, purlins,...

- Other details

• Clearly show details such as doors, windows, stairs, railings, etc. on the diagram.
• Clearly note the size, materials, and technical specifications of the details.
• Add necessary notes and annotations to clarify information on the diagram.

6. Scalability

Scalability is an important factor that needs to be considered in industrial factory design, to meet the production and business development needs of businesses in the future. Businesses need to carefully calculate the ability to expand in area and technical systems right from the early stages of design.

- Expand area

• Reserve land area: Choose a construction land area larger than current needs, ensuring enough space for future factory expansion.
• Flexible design: Reasonable factory layout, can be easily adjusted to expand production areas, warehouses, offices, etc.
• Use reusable construction materials: Choose construction materials that can be easily disassembled to move or reuse when expanding the factory.

- Expand technical system

• Technical system backup: Installing electricity, water, ventilation, and fire protection systems with a larger capacity than current needs, ensuring the ability to meet production expansion needs.
• Modular system design: Using a modular technical system, it can be easily installed or disassembled when necessary.
• Choose an upgradeable system: Choose a technical system that can be easily upgraded to meet new technology needs in the future.

(Illustration, source: Internet Collection)

7. Lighting system in industrial factory design

The lighting system plays an important role in industrial factories, directly affecting labor productivity, work safety and employee health. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to designing appropriate and effective lighting systems during factory construction.

- Requirements for lighting system

• Ensuring illuminance: Providing sufficient illuminance for each functional area in the factory, according to the provisions of the Vietnam Standard on industrial factory lighting (TCVN 7722:2009).
• Light quality: Using lights with a high color rendering index (CRI), ensuring color fidelity, helping workers identify objects accurately.
• Minimize glare: Lighting system design minimizes glare, protecting employees' eyes.
• Save energy: Use energy-saving lamps such as LED lights, T5 fluorescent lights, etc. At the same time, make sure to install a lighting system that ensures electrical safety and is fire and explosion-proof.

- Dividing lighting areas

• Production area: Needs high illuminance, focusing lighting on the employee's work area.
• Warehouse: Requires lower illuminance than production areas to ensure safe movement and inspection of goods.
• Office: Need a lighting system to create a comfortable and pleasant feeling for employees to work.
• Outdoor area: Need a lighting system to ensure security and safety for the area around the factory.

8. Ventilation system in industrial factory design

Ventilation systems play an important role in industrial factories, helping to improve air quality, creating a comfortable, safe working environment and improving labor productivity for employees. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to designing an effective ventilation system during factory construction.

- Select ventilation method

Ensure sufficient ventilation air flow to meet air exchange needs, creating a comfortable working environment for employees:

• Natural ventilation: Use a system of windows and ventilation doors to bring in fresh air and release hot air and harmful gases. This method is suitable for factories with small areas, generating little dust and emissions.
• Mechanical ventilation: Use exhaust fan and blower systems to actively adjust air flow in the factory. This method is suitable for factories with large areas that generate a lot of dust and exhaust gases.

It is necessary to choose the appropriate ventilation method based on the area, factory structure, amount of dust and exhaust generated.

- Ventilation system design

The ventilation system needs to be scientifically designed to ensure even distribution of airflow in the factory. The locations of windows, ventilation doors, and fans need to be reasonable to optimize ventilation efficiency. At the same time, combine the use of waterproof and anti-corrosion materials for the ventilation system.

9. Safety zones in industrial factories

Safe subdivision plays an important role in industrial factory design, to minimize the risks of labor accidents, fires and explosions and protect the health of employees. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to reasonable zoning right from the early stages of design.

- Zoning criteria

Zoning according to the level of danger of production activities, including:

• Non-toxic and safe areas: Arrange office areas, rest areas, dining areas, etc.
• Less toxic areas: Arrange production areas that generate little dust, dirt and toxic emissions.
• Highly toxic areas: Arrange production areas that generate a lot of dust and toxic emissions, requiring effective ventilation and exhaust gas treatment systems.
• Fire and explosion hazard areas: Arrange areas where flammable and explosive materials are used and require full fire protection and danger warning systems.

- Hygiene level

Subdivision according to the hygiene level of production activities such as:

• High hygiene areas: Arrange food and pharmaceutical production areas to ensure food hygiene and safety.
• Medium cleaning area: Ordinary production area layout.
• Low hygiene areas: Locate production areas that generate a lot of dust and require an effective dust collection system.

(Illustration, source: Internet Collection)

Industrial factory design is a complex process that requires a smooth combination of technical knowledge, practical experience and creativity. Hopefully the information shared in this article will help you have a factory that fully meets your needs and desires.

10. Introducing a reputable design & construction consulting service provider

The importance of construction units is undeniable because their reputation will ensure the quality and aesthetics of your project. Today, there are many units providing construction design services to meet the increasing construction demand in our country. Therefore, finding a reputable unit is not easy and requires you to spend time researching. During the selection process, you need to research carefully and ensure that the accompanying unit must have high professional qualifications, many years of experience, have a clearly signed contract, transparent costs,... Nowadays, according to feedback from some customers who have contacted Hung Nghiep Phu shows that there are currently many fraudulent units that are construction design consulting companies to scam people for many different purposes. To help customers save time searching, Công ty TNHH Đầu Tư Xây Dựng Hưng Nghiệp Phú is confident that it will be the best choice for you.

Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Co., Ltd. with the mission of bringing the best solutions and services, together with customers to build a prosperous community, Hung Nghiep Phu is gradually asserting its brand through Sincere cooperation, with a team of leaders with ethical capacity, creativity, dedication to the profession, and strategic vision. Hung Nghiep Phu owns a team of skilled and highly qualified staff who will bring customers the best quality projects. 

Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Company Limited - specializes in constructing civil and industrial projects. We look forward to accompanying customers in construction projects as well as legal procedures such as planning diagrams, applying for construction permits, completing processes, applying for fire prevention and fighting certificates, ... If you have any questions or are in need of designing and perfecting the process, please contact us immediately for a free consultation!

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Source: Collected Internet