INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO BUILD A HOUSE FOUNDATION ON WEAK SOIL
The foundation is the most important part of every construction, it has the function of transmitting the load of the entire house to the ground. For a house to be sustainable, the foundation must be good and solid. Therefore, foundation treatment is an extremely important job in the construction of a house. However, not all geological areas are favorable for foundation work. When building a house with poor geology, on weak ground such as ponds, lakes, borrowed land..., foundation treatment will be much more complicated. The ways to construct a house foundation on weak ground such as ponds, lakes, borrowed land... are as follows:
Method 1: Treating house foundations on weak ground by changing the depth of the foundation
There are many solutions to building a house foundation on weak ground, in which changing the depth of the foundation is one of the commonly applied methods. The depth of the foundation is the depth from the ground to the foundation pit.
Changing the depth of the foundation is to solve the subsidence and load-bearing capacity of the foundation. When increasing the depth of the foundation, it will increase the load-bearing capacity of the foundation and at the same time reduce the stress causing subsidence of the foundation, thereby reducing the subsidence of the foundation.
At the same time, increasing the depth of the foundation, the foundation can be placed in the soil layers below more firmly and stably. However, increasing the depth of the foundation must consider both economic and technical factors.
Method 2: Treating the foundation of a level 4 house on weak ground by changing the shape and size of the foundation
Building a level 4 house on weak ground, you can change the size and shape of the foundation, which will directly change the pressure acting on the ground surface, and thus also improve the load-bearing conditions as well as the deformation conditions of the ground.
Increasing the area of the foundation base often reduces the pressure acting on the ground surface and reduces the settlement of the structure. However, the soil has a compressible subsidence that increases with depth, so this measure is not entirely suitable.
Method 3: Treat house foundations on weak ground by changing the type and hardness of the foundation.
Change the type of foundation and the stiffness of the foundation to suit the geological conditions of the project: Single foundations can be replaced with strip foundations, intersecting strip foundations, raft foundations or box foundations; in case strip foundations are used but the deformation is still large, it is necessary to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation.
The greater the stiffness of the slab foundation and strip foundation, the smaller the deformation and the smaller the settlement. It is possible to use measures to increase the thickness of the foundation, increase the longitudinal reinforcement, increase the stiffness of the upper structure, and arrange reinforcing ribs when the slab foundation is large in size.
For designs of level 4 houses on weak ground, when changing the type of foundation and stiffness of the foundation, the investor needs to consult an engineer to ensure that the change does not affect the entire structure of the project.
Method 4: Building a level 4 house foundation on weak ground by constructing bamboo and cajuput piles
Bamboo and Melaleuca piles are traditional technological solutions; to treat the foundation for works with small loads on weak soil. Melaleuca and bamboo piles with a length of 3 - 6m are driven; to reinforce the ground with the purpose of increasing the load-bearing capacity and reducing subsidence.
According to experience, usually 25 bamboo or Melaleuca piles are driven for 1m2. However, it is necessary to estimate the load-bearing capacity and subsidence of the bamboo or Melaleuca pile foundation; by conventional calculation methods. The use of Melaleuca piles in unreasonable ground conditions and loads requires anti-settlement with small-section piles.
Note: Piles need to be driven deep below the groundwater level to be effective; if driven above the groundwater level, the piles will rot and no longer be effective.
Method 5: Building a level 4 house foundation on weak ground: Using pile foundation
One of the “safe” ways to build a house foundation on weak ground is to use pile foundations for the house. Pile foundations are becoming more and more popular; they are the first option to think of when encountering this type of geology.
Pile foundations are the type of foundation placed on pile heads to form pile groups; connected to the foundation cap and foundation beams to form a solid foundation block.
Pile foundations are used in cases where houses have complex terrain; weak ground such as ponds, borrowed land, overburdened land, etc.
Choosing the number of piles?
Usually when designing a house, there will be no geological survey results; so calculating the preliminary number of piles accurately; and not wasting is very important; it directly affects the technical and economic factors of the investor.
The number of piles on a cap depends on the load transmitted to the column head; the depth of the foundation, however, the depth of the foundation; does not affect too much in deciding the number of piles; So the calculation of the number of piles is assumed as follows:
Wall load, floor load; dynamic load due to the total use process is equal to 1.2-1.5 tons/m2 x column load bearing area x moment coefficient 1.2x number of floors.
For example: calculate the number of piles 200×200 with a load bearing capacity of 20 tons/pile head; for a column with a load bearing area of 20m2 (5*4) => number of piles = 1.2*20*1.2*1=28.8 tons/20 = 1.44 piles => choose 3 piles; in this case to ensure the foundation works simultaneously in 2 directions.
Choosing a pile driver in house foundation construction?
The load bearing capacity of a 200×200 pile = 20T means that a single pile head can withstand a static load of 20T; dynamic load is the load placed on the pile head during construction; Dynamic load is usually = 2-3 times the static load; that is also the load pressing on the pile head. Therefore, the dynamic load pressing on the pile head 200*200 is 20*2-20*3T = 40-60T.
When choosing a pile driver; the pressing force must be greater than 15% of the dynamic load => the pile driver must be >=75T.
When pressing piles, there will be a conversion table from the pressure gauge to the actual ton pressed; just look at the index on the gauge to be able to monitor your project yourself.
Size of the pile cap?
For a 4-pile cap, we use the size of 1000x1000x700 and place steel ф12a150. The pile head steel is connected to the cap steel and the foundation beam steel to form a block.
Foundation beam size 300×600, place steel 3ф20 above, below and ф8a150 for belt steel.
Note: However, for level 4 houses; the use of pile foundation is quite rare due to the high cost of pile driving; as well as the structural foundation is not needed.
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Source: Compiled from the Internet
