STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BRICK FOUNDATION, STONE FOUNDATION, CONCRETE FOUNDATION
Brick foundation, rubble foundation, concrete foundation, reinforced concrete are among the many types of foundation structures for civil and industrial houses. So what are the structural characteristics of these foundations? Let's see the article below with Hung Nghiep Phu!
1. Brick foundation structure
Brick foundation is the most popular type of foundation in civil houses in the past because it is suitable for manual construction techniques, taking advantage of local and cheap materials. Brick foundation is used when the width of the foundation bottom B < 1.5m to increase the economy.
To suit the brick size (5.5 x 10.5 x 22cm, horizontal mortar joint 1.5cm, vertical mortar joint 1cm), there are 2 methods of step construction.
The height of the foundation step can be taken as 7, 14, 7, 14, 7, 14, ...
The height of the foundation step can also be taken as 14, 14, 14, 14, ...
The average width of each step is equal to ¼ of the length of the brick. The hard angle of these two methods is 260 5 and 330 5, which is relatively economical but must use cement mortar for construction.
The foundation support and foundation walls must be built with bricks with a strength of 75kg/cm² with 1:4 or 1:3 cement-sand mortar (for level II and III houses) or 1:1:4 or 1:1:6 mortar (for level 4 houses).
The last step of the foundation support is usually 15 - 30cm thick and depending on the level of the house, it is made of crushed stone concrete or broken brick concrete with a grade of 100 to 150.
The foundation cushion layer here with the function of cleaning and protecting the foundation base is usually made of compacted sand with a thickness of 5 - 10cm.
For the eccentric brick foundation structure, the foundation step settlement should be ½ the width of the brick length and 14 or 21cm high (two or three rows of bricks).
2. Rubble stone foundation structure
Rubble foundations are commonly used in low-rise civil buildings - especially in places with a lot of rocks.
Depending on the load transmitted to the foundation, whether it is large or small, strong or weak soil, it can be structured as shown below.
Due to the large and uneven size of the stones, the minimum width of the foundation cushion must be 50cm; ensure that the size of each stone is not larger than 1/3 of the width of the foundation.
With stepped foundations, the height of each step is usually not less than 50cm. Rubble used to build the foundation must have a strength of 200kg/cm².
The binding agent can be 1:1:5 or 1:1:9 triple mortar or 1:4 cement-sand mortar.
The cushion layer is usually 5-10cm thick compacted sand or a layer of broken brick concrete; 15-30cm crushed stone concrete depending on the foundation condition.
3. Concrete foundation structure
Concrete foundations generally use cement as a binding material; and use different aggregates such as crushed stone, gravel, sand, broken bricks, etc. to form. For houses with large loads or deep foundations, concrete foundations can be used.
The concrete number in the concrete foundation is determined by calculation; generally not less than 50, the hard angle can reach 45 degrees.
The shape of the concrete foundation is usually trapezoidal or stepped. When the foundation height is from 400 to 100mm, choose the stepped shape. For concrete foundations with larger volumes such as the foundation of large-scale equipment in industrial architecture, rubble can be added to the concrete and is called rubble concrete. The total volume of rubble can account for 30-50% of the total volume of the foundation; thus, cement can be saved.
The size of each rubble stone used in the rubble concrete foundation must not exceed 1/3 of the width of the foundation; its diameter must not exceed 300mm; the gap between the rubble stones must not be less than 40mm.
The foundation cushion is usually a 5-10cm thick layer of sand.
4. Reinforced concrete foundation structure
Foundations made of brick, stone, and concrete are very weak in bending; therefore, houses with large loads; or weak load-bearing capacity of the foundation that use the above materials for foundation will have very large and very deep foundations; consume a lot of labor and materials; and are complicated to construct, therefore, people use reinforced concrete for foundations because it is more economical.
If the depth of the foundation is limited or the house requires a stable foundation; and high strength (such as a house that can withstand large vibrations), it is not possible to use brick; stone or concrete foundations but must use reinforced concrete foundations.
The cross-sectional shape of the reinforced concrete foundation is also not limited; it can be rectangular or trapezoidal, but trapezoidal is the most commonly used.
For places with good solid soil, a foundation cushion may not be needed; or if there is, it is only a 5cm thick layer of compacted sand to flatten the bottom of the foundation. In places with weak, wet soil, a 10 -15cm thick layer of grade 50 broken brick concrete cushion is needed.
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Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Co., Ltd. with the mission of providing the best solutions and services, building a prosperous community with customers, Hung Nghiep Phu is gradually affirming its brand through sincere cooperation, with a leadership team with ethical capacity, creativity, high expertise and strategic vision. Hung Nghiep Phu owns a team of skilled, highly qualified employees who will bring customers the best quality technology.
Hung Nghiep Phu Construction Investment Co., Ltd. - specializes in constructing civil and industrial works. We look forward to accompanying customers in construction projects as well as continuous procedures such as planning diagrams, applying for construction permits, completing procedures, applying for fire prevention and fighting certificates, ... If you have any questions or are in need of design, completing procedures, please contact us immediately for free consultation!
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Source: Compiled from the Internet
